While at the gym this evening I was thinking of marketplaces. To give some context, the reason I went there was that there were too many thoughts running around my head, so I needed to focus on something mindless or something that required so much concentration that I could only hold one other thought in my mind at that point in time. In fact, when you go “under the bar” (do a back squat), even that one thought will vanish – you need all your physical and mental energy to complete the squat.
Anyway so I was thinking of marketplaces, and marvelling at the kind of impact companies like Uber and Ola have had. They have been an absolute gamechanger in their business in that it has completely changed the way that people and cabs get matched to each other. This was a matching that had been extremely inefficient in the past, but with these apps, they have become better by an order of magnitude. And it is this order of magnitude that sets apart Uber/Ola from other marketplace businesses.
And as I was moving between weights, I had another thought – the trick with Uber/Ola as a marketplace is that it is near impossible to do “side deals”. The ultimate nightmare for a platform/marketplace provider is to let the two sides “discover each other” and conduct further deals “offline”. This can be the bane of services such as dating services, where once you go on your first date (as recommended by OkCupid or Tinder), the dating service need not know anything about your relationship after that! They’ve “lost” you. In fact, talking to someone from the industry recently, I learnt that they do dating rather than marriage since in the former there is the hope of “repeat happy customers”.
It is similar with a service such as Airbnb, where once you’ve located a B&B you like, you can cut airbnb out of the deal from the next time on. Of course availability and stuff matter, but given how much in advance you book, a quick call to check availability is a small cost vis-a-vis the benefit of cutting out the middle man.
The beauty of Uber/Ola, however, is that it is impossible to do deals offline. Yes, after a ride, the driver and the passenger have each other’s numbers. But the next time the passenger wants a ride, the probability that the same driver is in the vicinity and free to give a ride is infinitesimal. So the passenger has to go to the app again. Moreover, it is the app that takes care of the pricing (using GPS, etc.) – something that is impossible to estimate if you try to cut out the app.
So when people say that they are building the “Uber for <some other service>”, in most cases it is not exactly the case – not all marketplace transactions are like Uber. For to be like Uber, you need to be an instant matching mechanism that changes the way the industry fundamentally operates; and you need a mechanism that keeps deals “online” by force.
Chew on it!
Agree mostly. But you are assuming that drivers drive in the city only and one takes a ride within the city only. For all you know, after exchanging numbers, the driver could offer a better deal than Uber for Bangalore-Chennai. (Not sure Uber offers outstation trips, though).
Interesting perspective.
Though, I’d guess when building ‘Uber for X’, the key component is in choice of X – it should be a market where transactions are either:
1. infrequent – not much benefit from maintaining a side-relationship, or
2. frequent, but with a wide many-to-many spread – numerous parties on either side doing multiple small transactions.
I would even argue that AirBnB falls in the first category, and that’s what makes it a successful marketplace. Uber, Ola, eBay, Amazon would fall in the 2nd.
Dating apps would be neither.
completely agree with your analysis!
I’d call it a hypothesis. Not analysis.
fair enough! 🙂